The first WuR design was proposed in with a basic radio-triggered circuit. The second radio, also known as wake-up radio, must be a low-power device or completely passive. Concerning the hardware set-up, a second radio module is generally plugged into the nodes for the wake-up communications and the main radio module is used for data transmission. Wake-up radio (WuR) systems have been proposed during the last decade to solve the problem of idle listening, by enabling the nodes to wake up on demand by a particular radio message, namely a Wake-up Call (WuC). Nevertheless, idle listening can not be completely suppressed with duty-cycling mechanisms since nodes have to check for possible communication while waking up.
In duty cycling mechanisms, the radio is switched into sleep mode when there is no communication in order to avoid idle listening. These MAC protocols essentially rely on a low duty-cycle to reduce the nodes energy consumption.
Contention-based protocols are the most adopted approaches with B-MAC and S-MAC being the most popular MAC protocols. A survey with most common MAC protocols is presented in with the following classification: TDMA-based, contention-based, and hybrid protocols. Various Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols were proposed to improve the energy efficiency of the wireless communication. Idle listening refers to the fact of listening to the channel while there is no ongoing wireless transmission, and overhearing refers to a node listening to wireless transmissions addressed to another node. The main causes of energy waste for wireless communication are idle listening and overhearing. The amount of energy consumed due to radio communication is often substantial compared to other components such as Microcontroller Unit (MCU) or sensor unit. Several approaches have been considered in the literature to reduce the energy consumption of WSNs, the problem being tackled in different aspects. Energy efficiency is crucial in WSNs since sensors nodes are usually powered by limited batteries, while their replacement is not conceivable after depletion. They are also a main component in the growing field of the internet of things. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are one of the most promising technologies and they are used in many applications such as environmental, industrial or medical monitoring. Received 20 June 2016 accepted 13 August 2016 published 16 August 2016 While overhearing can represent up to 93% of the WuR energyĬonsumption with the DoRa protocol, it is reduced to only 1% with the DC-DoRa Three-order below using the DoRa protocol compared to traditional MAC Show the significant energy-savings through the two protocols and the nearly Simulations under OMNeT++ using real input parameters are then performed to The primaryĬoncept of the work is to enable the WuR functionality before the node isĪddressed and to disable the WuR after the node sent data. (DC-DoRa) is then proposed to solve the overhearing problem.
In this paper, an adaptive duty-cycled DoRa Overhearing to wake-up demand intended to other nodes, but it is neither The WuR wastes a noticeable amount of energy when While the DoRa protocol improves the WSNs energyĮfficiency, it still suffers from an overhearing problem when the WuR system is Radio (DoRa) protocol is a new MAC protocol for in-band WuR system withĪddressing capabilities.
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